Method of pumping liquids.



` T. M. CHANGE. METHD OF PUMPING LIQUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 5, 1910.

,Patented Mar. 26, 1912.

' 3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

N MK www T. M. CHANCE. METHOD 0F PUMPING LIQUIDS. APPLICATION FILEDAUG.5,1`-91o.

Patented Mar. 26, 1912. v

3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

T. M. CHANGE. l METHOD 0F PUMPING LIQUIDS.` y APPLICATION FILED AUG. 5,1910.

1,021,038, y Patented Mar. 26, 1912.

3 SHBETS*SHBET 3.

'Mmm/tom Thom/Vl 'Wwf-1612 @tickt/P1025 rented a certain new anthe'nifmientum of` aconfined body of liquid,

'4S-actuator, and, fmfterem'ploying a p '50,uponthe actuators,

` ingup energy.andftrzinsmitting parts oit, f first in onedirection-andlthenfin thelother' o rcefo'fthe :mediumw 55 tageou y vundiselso eicient for compressing the next .dei M11 y., Si umHoMwS MyGRANGE,

4 p useful Method of Pumping Liquids,' `\vl1ei'eot the following is" p,a. specification, referencebeing had to the *accompanying drawings. l

l use the term liquid 1()y ing not merely single' liquids, butlalsofrnixtures of two ormore liquids, mixtures of4 vliquids and solids,end mixtures of liquids and 'gase whenever such -subst-ences are capabletif being pumped.

Theiob'e'cts of my invention are to` utilize which has beenset"in-motion byfmeans of a' mechanical :ictuatoi-positiyelydrivenfby 'ag'priuniry nied'iunr having high 'initial vpressure. and "subsequentexpansive Iforce, 1t`o effect the' `dischzirgeotfliqui'd andto draw in nnew nccretioniof liquid at -theintske end of 'the system after-the`cessation or` retar- ,dution ofnioi'ementfof the zictuator, thusperlnitting, the `supply of the primary medium to be soloontrolled astorealize its expansive torce to the ullestextent, and further-to""iitilize' the momentum" and resultant. pres-v.

'sure oi the said body of liquid in the reverse '(lirection,A iftervtheA completion of its initial,

movement, in such y manner as to remet upon:

the actuator, land thereby permit itto assist inldevelopingthedesi1'ed:conditions of that portion ofthe elasticinediunr which is toeffect the` next power stroke.l

liigurati'vely speekingg of liquidimay be considered as a. liquid-pistonin so for. it tendsto force liquids toward the'deliveryV end of. thesystemand 40`to`"d'r:iw in liquidat thegintnkezend of the system,

i'elqtively'lurge inertia,

un oscillating fly .wheel to store up the` ener-gy in sojfar l esitt-ends l artl of such-stored up energy forthel primary Work ofeffecting nootijor'iyoftl trenslationgof ,the

liquid, to then employ another part .of such V y gtal and straight,though not necessrily so, 10,5 l

I direct-ion r for react-ion energy inni-'reverse p This capacityA I-torStor.,-`

succeeding,chergeyf ipledium. l l *.:tion :.ot suchfchmrge-,Uin preparaas comprehendv the lconfined lbody l `and sincefsaid body ot'iliquidhasI` it maybe likened to.

transmitted from the,V

sfPatent.

"nextsucceeding powers'tyroke., f y,

My method contemplates the use of rei ciproca'ting actuator ywhich ispositively driven 1n only 'one direction, ulthougliit niy 4be positivelydriyenin both., directions and while `it is of yspecie eine "n,onnection with internal comi-931 i available for engin pensivei orce`oistelau` In the accompanying nge, gurlie 1I, II, and. III, representYdlagrr'nmaticelly,

. in vertical. longitudinal, Section, "av'typieal im system` j offappuratus adapted for the employment of. my lmethod, showing, 'es Vtheprime mover, aconventional reprsentation of rn steam, cylinder, enYjuncts. vSaid thrl piston audits vailA tions, .which wllqbeV he einqfte,d Fig.' IV, represents ,ple

a `preferred actuator mechun 51h, be employed in `my method, the primemover 50 lbeing represented use 'gas engine act-ing on the'twostrokeeuto cycle. Fig, V, ,is a side elevation of the devicesrepresented in Fig.:

1V, cert-ain parts being "shownfin dotted-` lines. FigsVI tqXIH,inclusivdnre'sec- 85 tional dialgrammeticl yfiews showing Ve rioustypical-formsfof i ch .can be employ larrying, `method; Figs. VF A,n'VII-","s owib'e o rfni `'of actuator intiiiocliricteustiipo'sitiifs,figo -1`igslV111 and IX, .show anotherform4` in tivov chm'acteristic'V positions, 'while the remainingfiguresF respectively' show other orms'in only emv-single position.

` Referring noiyfto the diagrammatic views 4of l, II, and III, 1,indicates a steam cylinder having af `pist`pn"2,and piston rod 3, which,latter 'isiopfefrnt` yiilcoiinctedttt# e plunger 4, whicl "Interthenliirgc'l-endf, u `of an inclosed the pecking represelite et.

-the piston' 2, through the port'12, the'pistonA that the interior ofthe valve chamber 14, is

in communication with asource of stealn at suitable pressure, and thatthe internal chamber 16, of the valve, communicates withA the exhaust..

.' vIn Fig. I, the parts are represented in the v position which theyoccupy just at the commencement of the power stroke.' If now, steamlunderprfessure be admitted 1n rear of 2, and plunger 4, will be actuatedwith relatively high velocity,.this movement'of the plunger imparting"ymovements of substan 'tially similar velocity to the body ofwater Within'the 1i uid. piston conduit, 6.-. At a predetermine position ofv thesteam piston 2,

as shown in Fig. II, the valvev 15,'is shifted so as to cut off thesteam, andthe remaining .forward movement of said -p1ston is effected bythe lexpansion of the ,Steam theretofore.

fadmitted. The', liquid "'gton'j having been set in motion at therelalti\\ely' high velocity which characterizes the 'initial portionmovement of thesteampiston 2, under full initial pressure, the momentumof the liquid permits the utilization'to thehighest extent of the'expansive force ofthe steam in l-rear of the piston 2 and the movementthereof continues until the position shown in Fig.

III, is-reached, wherelthe piston 2,1 isclosel to the'end' of itsforward stroke.y At' this point, the valve 15, is shiftedVso as to m0-mental-ily open communication ybetween the front end of the cylinder andthe interior.of

the valve vchest through the port 13, and a l-lcushion of steamv 'is'thus admitted in front of the piston 2, so as to decelerateand arrestthe movement thereof wlthout shock. The movement of the plunger 4, 1ssimilarly decelerated and ultimately arrested,.withouh` however,affecting the movement of the liquid piston within the conduit (i, andthe momentum of said hquld piston causes an area of low pressure 1n theregion of theplunger 4, so that the valves 11, open, admitting waterinto-the interior of the chamber 5, as indicatedby the larrows in Fig.III. The position/of the' steam'yalve 15,' shown 'in Fig. III, is onlymomentary, and it is again shifted, so fas to cut oif the admissionv ofsteam' in front'of the piston, while still maintainingconnnunicationbetween the exhaust andtheportion of the cylinder 1n rear of thepiston.' The momentum of the liquid "piston in the conduit 6is graduallychecked by .thef'combined leffect of the resistance at the delivery endof the system, and the suction f'whichy isfbein'g exerted at, theintakel cont-rolled by 'one or vwhich is in front of the piston. AThelcycle of yoperations then recurs.y The 'forward movement of the liquidpiston, which has. beendescribed, dellvers thewater throu h the dischare main A9, which, it willbe o served, nee not be provided with anydelivery valve. Where, as indicated in Figs'. I, II, and III, an airchamber is employed,

such device acts in the ordinary manner.

The use of an ai'r chamber, as anl adjunct to the. system, thoughdesirable, is, however, notl essential when the column of water whlch 1sto be pumped is relativelyf short,as

this 'column of liquid may then perform the 'functionsof the air chamber8, which latter is intended to be typical of any forn'r of a.ccumulator, or device capable of absorbing and giving out energy.

The movementsof the steam piston should, of course,- be timed in properrelation to the movement, or rate of oscillation, of the liquid piston,which lastmentioned factor will depend upon the dimensions of said`liquid piston, 'and the pressure against which the pumping action takesplace.

Furthermore one characteristic of 1n method, is found in the fact thatthe energy developed by the return stroke of the body of liquid, isutilized in the direction o fpe'rf forming a usefulworkfas distinguishedfrom merely moving what may be considered as idle parts.

Since in any given case 'thenctuating force .0f the lprime medium isfixed, the pressure against-which the body of liquid is to `bc outwardlyprfnelled is fixed, and the en- 'ergy which can' be utilized in usefulwork onthe prime. medium upon the return stroke 1s also fixed,unimportant factor in the securing of the maximum of efficiency andeconomy resides in the relation between the dimensions of that portionof the actuator which. 'directly acts upon the body of liquid and isre-acted upon by it, and the dimensions of that' portion of the actuatorupon which thc prime medium acts and which 11e-acts upon the'primemedium.

In the diagrams just referred to, it will be noted that the cross,sectional area of the actuator; 4,' is very. considerably .le'ss thantht` cross ctional area of the piston 2, and by properly proportioning-the respective.

cross sectional areas of said' parts, the active liquid. Hencieinearr'y'ingoutmy method,`

"atm

ontro'lled as to yiel in determining ferionf orny of operatoiidependsAupon Wliet actuator islhvdl through()` ut the lfifhblel'ofi its returnstroke byfthe re-aetionx of Jthe body j voi liquid alone,or isdriv'enthrough a por. tion of itsreturn strokeby other means and i islassisted bythe re-action of said body of while control of the quantityof the `primemediumfrnay' be" used tof compensate for minor variationsin the pressure against Whichjthe actuatorni-akes its out-stroke, andi'vhile, elieiencnfmay be vaided by thus varys ingvtheapplication ofpower, the din ensions of the actuator must be proportionedto thepressure'against Whichyit is to Work.v F or example, it the meanxeffect-ive' pressure of thepriniemedlum, beJonehundred pounds 'per'square inch, andy the pressurje" against Avvliieh the body of liquid istobe'outwardly propelled' be eighty' pounds 'per' squarey inch,

andfif the' energy Wlrichl can be lutilizedvon "the return stroke vinuseful Workfupon the ApruneIneduun'be equal to a mean-effective4pressiir'e applied to said prime medium of "tiventy"`pouiicls"persquare inch, then the ctional 'areafof that'pa-rt of the actu--` Y,lrielimaets up'onfthe bodly. of-liquid i' "should be .Inad'e aboutone-fourth of the vl Y g v f n l' tuator, upon'j Whchthe prime-medi'um-l acts.

fcross sectionalfareafthat'part of the' fac,-

Wifth thei' 4so proportioned (and disregerdirig 't'riction) twentyperfc'entfof the i Zinor liquid; es',

" energ'yf the yprune 4medium Willibe stored jfor utilization during'Ithe re'ti'u'n stroke in useful Work nthe prime medium, andl Eighty per,cenugoi said energy will be Iutilized: directly in' the discharge' anddrawing Such 4being" a ytypical, outline 'of the geny'eral principle/ofoperation, "1^ Will no`vv proceed' to vdescribe a system adaptedto carryment bing Shevn.y in Fiss .1V @ed V- In ,said lifigs.` lV land/V, 20lrepresents the 'end Qftlie'liquid piston conduit adjacent to the'actuator mechanism", only the-latter `'being shown in ysaid5drawings",Said conduit 20, is

.providednvithfan enlarged chamberlQl, havg inga Ahoriz'dntal offset252, which 'theinlet valvefQ, is' located. l'Said valve opens les upwardand is preferably provided with, a 1 -slpring 25, exerting.downwardpressureh' indicated in the dotted linesv olf'Fig. KM vtlheplunger 26, is externally packed', as shown lat 27, and is connectedbymeans of the rod 28, with th'e'power piston-29.'.v Theyeyliridegr 30, isof the usual constructioncharacteristic of typeqof .gasengipesLhevingfmlet and y y ing chambery@ prune medium on the returnLsubdivisions valve, ,.(theVpQ '1, n f v.cylinder thus beeonnnb'areoniCylinder i may a pre yvith a buiten-desineel, of rubber, tofassist incushioning the' aiston, I The Contact deher fthe l `thezfgas pump, x'Contact with theadjustable-rruts 36. l These4 -p'owerst roken tilinghighly ber), and gasrnumningwd vices and 34, A`o theV igniting circuit,are mounted upon an adjustable block t35in proper ,relation to the:wiping elem-ent, cary ried by lthe ,piston` redder) that the sparkcantheel-rekel and adapted ,M

32, suitable interva devices may be of.` anyl character? vordinarilyemployed and fneed,r not befurther particularized.

' The cycle of operations,livhenfthis 4,pump

i mechanism and l prime,I mover are employed l nu@ @mf tureofairffandwgas cont( nedgin `the elear-` ance of theV cylinder v30,islignited ,Rapid` Acomlnistion,for explosion,follows,1 and thepiston29,vand the vplunger 26 are driven forward at relatively` highvelocity,impartarln 37, actuatfes to draw in autr before the dw r11." ft of yits. strokeitf un'cov 4.11, and vthe lburned gases. escape tovatmos- 'rrvdi 65%,@ thefsaewmp i bagna-nd Vjust r ache 'phericpressure. Conlmunieation fis also af` '-Ufo'rded 'at the proper time,through the inlet port 40,4;0 permit ,the nntial.,entrance into.. 11G fthe" cylinder,r ofy the partly Compressed charge of gas and airin,thatportionv of the stroke of theqaistdn @hisideeeleratedandarrested, by theibaelfz pressuuep odueed within l the mixer, andfultimaitelnbythe buffer 12.

gas'engine has beeniattended by the forwardA actuationnf the liquid'piston in the conduit 20, derived from the movement ofthe plun-'gergQfn Y Said liquid piston delivers axcertain quantity of water atythe ydischarge end, dur-- :ingits forward' -1nove1nent, and upon the.'deceleration-and arresting of the, plunger 26, draws in, afuetvdecretionfioteniater,threugh the valve 23. vVhen the forwardmovement11.@ Poner t. ontehame u rs vthe .exhaust port .ing similar movement t'othewvater inthe` liquid; plstonconluit'tl-v As the piston29,.fapproachesf fthe; tend, otn

treks, the uninet of the 'liquid piston Within the conduit 20,

is arrested, and the return surge of pressurecommencesnthe. vvalve 23',Clses, and the re-action of-the'liquid piston upon the plungefr 26,drives the latterrearwardly, thus position and vcompressing the mingledcharge o f air and gas behind itwhile drawling a fresh charge of gas andair into the vat; the kbeginning j and 52,` the water inlet A pipe. 53,is hollow ,and is actuated by means.

@withini-.a ring 55, carried'by diaphragm mixer, 1n preparation for thesucceeding stroke` It will thus lbe seen that the liquid piston, linthis embodiment' of the system, attains a result generally similar tothat which is performed by the fly wheel ordinarily used in connectionwith suchan internal combustion engine, such action'of` the liquidpiston being in addition to its direct conveyance of a portion of itsown contents to the deliveryend of\ the system and-.its action indrawing in a further accretion to its own contents atv the intakeend ofsaid system.

Referring now to the remainin views, which indicate various alternateorms of actuator mechanism', Figs. VI and VII, show such pumpingmechanism respectively stroke'. vIn' these ti ures, 5,0, indicates theend of the liquid piston conduit, which is` adjacentto the pumpinmechanism, 51, ber of said conduit, The plunger ing the enlarged cham othepiston rod 54. Said plunger tits snugly l the annu ar 56,whichdivides the' chamber 51; A plurality of slots 57,'vv of;A greaterlen lh thanthe surface of said ring 5 5, are formed near the rear end ofthe,V plunger, Said slots'bein so positioned with reference tothe stroket ereof, that: at the commencement of the forward stroke, they are inthe lrear of'said 'ring butl at or.ner the conclusion of said. stroke,they straddle said ringl andv thus afford channels for the passa e ofAWater from the inlet 'pipe 52, to the' ront end of the. chamber 51. Inthis device the valves, beforedescribed, for controlling the water'inlet pipe 52,-are dispensed with.

Figs.. VIII and'I'X,sho w another form of device respectivelyl at thebeginning and end of the power stroke. In this instance, a piston 60,isy used instead of a plunger, said piston fitting Awithin an'internalcylinder 61, contained of the liquid conduit 63. The cylinder (31,

projects rearwardly as shown, beyond the extremity -of .the chamber 62,and is proz vided with a plurality of openings 64, which lai'ord.communication between. the interior of the cylinder 61, and theannular'spvace 69, between it and the wall of the chamber 62.

The inlet pipe 66, for water communicates with -the rear end ofthefcylinder 65,' and may be advantageously provided with an vairchainberti, located above the valve 68.

The longitudinal dimensions ofthe piston 60. are such that dui-inga-larg'eportion of the stroke, it covers the openings (i4, and

only exposes them when it is approaching and en'd of the power -pipe 78,

within the' enlarged chamber 62,.I

poi-nt of delivery. Y lprovided with a plunger' 114, and the cham- `tlieend of i its forward stroke. At this 'period the deceleration andarresting of the piston stroke andthe continuance of the forward.movement of the liquid within the conduit, produce an area oflow'pressuie in the region behind the piston 60, and water isl drawn inlthrough the -openings G4, The

air'chainbei'67, forms a useful adjunct of this device, ,the air thereinbeing compressed upon the .return .movement of the piston 60.

In Fig. X, the pumping mechanism coin'- prises a 'piston 70, which fitssnugly within the enlarged v chamber 71, of the conduit 72. The inletpipe 73, for Water is arranged at a p ointin front of the .extremeforward position of the piston 70, and is provided with a valve .74,.which opens when the vmovement ofthe piston '70, is decelerated andarrested, so as to'permit the-entrance of water.

In Fig. XL a double acting plunger 80,

is shown, said plunger bein'g'arranged withl in an elongated'chamber 81,communicating withv two liquid conduits 82, and 83, respectively, at itsopposite ends. Said chamber is divided into threeconi artments, byannular diaphragms-St, an l85, whose rings 86, and 87', fit snugly uponthe plunger 80.

f The plunger is hollow, 'and is provided with two sets of slotsrespectively 'represented at `88 and 89,'the dimensions and positions ofsaid lslots with relation to the diaphragm ,rings 86, and 87 being suchthat as the plunger lreciprocates communication shall be alternatelyestablished between the middlel compartment and the com artments at therespective ends of the cham v leads into the middlel compartment,

'and hence the pumping action takes place in onecondut upon the'lforward stroke of the piston, and within the other conduit upon itsrearward stroke. f l."

In Fig. XII, the'enlarged chamber90, is connectedpat its respective endswithliquid piston` conduits 91 and 92, said chamber being centrallydivided by means ofthe dialot phragm 93, andv ring 94, which latter 4mayladvantageouslybe provided with an elongated bushing cylinder 95,fitting snugliy's upon the plunger 96. At'the respective en o thechamber 90, are inlet pipes 97 and 98, respectively, providedrespectively 4with valves 99,- and 100. In'ths form of device thepumping action is effected in one con'- duit'by the forward movement ofthe piston 'stroke and in the other conduit by the return movementthereof.

In Fig. XIII, two enlarged chambers 110,v

yand 111, lare shown, these chambers b eing separated from one anotherand communicating with separate conduits 112, and 113, respectively,which may ,unite ata common -The chamberf 110, i',

bei 111, witha similar plunger 115. The

100 r 81. The inlet l through valved openings 117,. with the chamber110, and through si1nilar` val'ved to,the chamber 1,11. AThe placelalternatelyI in the respective conduits them through a venient manner.

i, It `willbe derlying principle of' my invention remains thesameyand 1have shownand describedv them not with a View of limiting the scope ofmy inventiorl butinorder to indieatevto some extent the unity oftliemethod itself,

a feet, or cylinders operated on the Diesel, or

`notwithstanding the varietyA of actuators and their adjuncts which maybe vemployed to carry it cit. y

`'F rom the foregoing description, those fatype o internal combustionengine in carrying out` this method of pumping, such as two four-strokeGtto cycle cylinders `cou'- pled as a-unit togive `a two-stroke cycleef# other cycle,` and to combine a'plurality of such. power cylinderswith or without a plurality of pump pistons or plungers. ,ltv is alsoobvious thatv any `kind of fuel-applicable to the operation' otinternalcombustionv engines may i such cylinders. .y

I am aware that it is not broadly new to utilize the momentum of: acolumn ofwater for storing. up and transmitting energy, or

for drawing in water at the intakeend of the ,system and expellingwater. at the `de livery end after the cessation of movement of anactuating plungerf Sowiiarfas I am aware, however, I believe myself tobe the first to utilize', the momentum of a'body ofliquid under theconditions described, in such' manner asto makeavailable the exjpensiveforce of the drivingmedium 'durv ing the power stroke, and to storeenergy to eiiect a return 'stroke of said body ofliquid and utilize saidstored energy in` performing useful work 'upon theprime medium. t ,y

-I do not herein claim the-apparatus shown t i by the drawings anddescribed in this specieation, as this has been lmade the subject.

`of anapplicatio'n tiled by me January 10th, 1912, Serial No. 670,413.VrV Y i {Ha/ving thus described my invention, l claimzy 1, Thehereinbei'ore described method oi' pumping liquid, whichy consists intransmitting pressure to a confined body of liquid of greater lengththan diameter, yby means of an actuator driven directly by a'primaiymedium having high initial pressure and yoke, or in any otherconobserved that with all these variousforms--of actuator mechanism, theun- 1 stantia'lly asset forth.

be used lin operating power stroke of relatively high velocity isimparted to saidubody Voit liquid while'the pressure of said medium isrelatively high;

controllingv'the{quantitylo saidvr medium to ,i

permit the lexpansion'. thereof y down to relatively'` low pressure atthe -endof the power stroke,- while permitting theffbodyl of y liquid toymaintain relatively'high velocity during' said stroke;` permitting` thebody of liquid to continue in motion afterJt-he actuator has come torest and thereby creating a region liquid; and drawing in at said regionof low pressure a new increment of liquid, suby 2. Thelhereinbefore'described method of `pumping liquid, which consists in transmittingpressure to av confined body of liquid of greater length than diameter,by means jof an actuator driven directly by a primary miliar with theartwill be able to use any medium ,havingA high initial pressure andsubsequent expansive force, whereby a `power stroke of lrelatively highvelocity is impartedto said body of liquid while the pressure of saidmedium isrelativelyhigh; controlling-the quantityL of said medium to`permitthe expansion thereo` down to `relatively low pressure at the endof" the power.

stroke, while permitting ithe body of. liquid to maintaihrelativelyhighvelocity, during said stroke; permitting the body of liquid tocontinue `in motionafter theactuator has come to rest and therebycreating a region of low pressure in the vicinity of the actuator;discharging l`a portion of said body of liquid; drawing in at'saidregion. of lowv pressure a new increment of liquid; y

causing the power stored u p by said body of liquid `during the powerstroke to `re-act upon the actuator and'to compress `a sucfl ceedingnewincrement of the primary medium in preparation foi-.the next strokethereof, substantially as set forth.

3; The hereinbefore described method ofpuniping liquid, Awhich consistsin imparting motionotl relatively-high velocity to a body of liquid Vinterposed between an actuator and an accumulatonsaid actuator being"driven by means of a prime medium having high initial pressure andsubsequent eXpansive force; controlling the quantity of said medium topermitfthe expansionthereof to relatively low pressure during theoutstroke of said actuator; causing the outst-rokeand continued travelof said body `of liquidto 4discharge liquid and to store energy in saidaccumulator; permitting the body of liquid' t'o continue in mot-ionafter the vend of the power stroke of said actuator and thereby creatinga region oflow pressure in the vicinity of said actuator; drawing in anewv increment of liquid /at said region of low pressure; causing theAenergy storedmin; Y

said accumulator to 'reactl upon said actuator i, of lowpressurein"thevicinity .of the actuator.; discharging a portion of saidbody of iso Y i. mittd by the return Stroke of said actuator 6 1;o21,o38y' and. upon the prime medium in .preparation In testimony whereof, IIhave 4hercuilto forJthe--nekxt power stroke of smd actuator; ASigned myname at Philadelphia, Pennsyl- :md 'Controlling the quantity of energytrans- Vania. A

' THOMAS M. CHANCE.

in correspondence with the amount of power Witnesses: i required forperformmg useful work uponl JAMES H, BELL, '-smd pr111'1e,1ned1u1n. V nA. REID.

Gol-ies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addresingthe Commissionr of Patents.

Washington. D. C.

